Journal of Management and Digital Transformation

The aim of the article is to present key issues related to the financial management of independent public healthcare institutions and to present selected tools used in financial management of these healthcare entities. The main research methods used in the creation of this work are the analysis of literature and deduction. The basis of the conducted research were statistical data on health debt collected via the Central Statistical Office and published by the Ministry of Health. The research covered the years 2012-III quarter of 2018.

Nowadays the situation of the world of languages is such that many small languages are seriously endangered in the coming years. This situation is not good from the point of view of the necessity of preserving the diversity of cultural heritage. Moreover, every human language constitute the precious research material for the linguists, basing on which they can test their scientific hypothesis concerning the nature of the human language, its origin, and the evolution of groups and families of languages. The world of sciences developed many initiatives and projects the aim of which is to preserve the small languages from total perishing. In the paper we propose to build proper computer tools in the form of the generators of syntactic structures that could support the process of reconstruction and revitalization of endangered and even dead languages. The point of authors' interest are peripheral Scandinavian languages, such as potentially endangered language of the Faroe Islands and the norn language, which is unfortunately dead for over one hundred years.

Public debt as a phenomenon in the management of public finances is a serious challenge for many Countries in Europe and around the world with Poland being one of them because of its excessively high debt posing a threat to the stability of public sector and the entire economy. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland indicates that public debt should not exceed 3/5 of GDP. In similar fashion the Treaty establishing the European Community (Treaty of Maastricht of February 7, 1992) states the necessity of maintaining a balance between the debt and GDP at the level not exceeding 60%. The Public Finance Act, Section II, indicates what the government should do if one of the three debt-to-GDP ratios is exceeded. In the analyzed period, the statutory limits were not exceeded, but the public debt alone increases systematically.

By the Act of 4 July 2019 amending the Act on personal income tax, the Act on family declarations and the Act on health care benefits financed from public funds, from August 1, 2019 a new subject exemption was introduced regarding the income of individuals under the age of 26. However, the rules for the application of the exemption are not available to all taxpayers from the indicated age group, which leads to many difficulties in correctly calculating the components of remuneration and public levies. The doubts concern not only the target group of taxpayers, but also practical aspects related to tax deductible costs, determining the proper basis for calculating social and health insurance contributions, as well as how the new exemption affects the use of other tax exemptions. Another important issue, particularly raised by local governments, is the forecasted decline in income from personal income tax, which may worsen the financial condition of small territorial units in particular.

New management concepts such as Human Capital Management or Total Rewards point to the need for a comprehensive motivational impact capturing both financial and non-financial incentives. Employers who understand those challenges create opportunities for employees in broadly understood employee participation, which as a result translates into high employee engagement. The purpose of the article is to explain the essence of engagement with its main determinants, with particular reference to employee volunteering. Based on the subject literature and the case study of the chosen organization, the most important activities applied by today's organizations will be indicated, which has a positive impact on individual aspects of employee involvement. The article will not only allow to supplement the existing literature gap, will also organize the knowledge in this aspect.

The concept of organizational identity has been recently an important area of organizational research. It is a tool that supports effective positioning of an organization and a brand, at the same time gaining a stable competitive advantage. The purpose of the article is to review the state of knowledge and research data on the concept of organizational identity, and to analyze its relationships with other organizational phenomena: organizational image, organizational reputation and organizational reputation capital.

The paperwork includes the conception and management methods of discrepancies and corrective measures applied in automotive industry enterprises. The discussed issues are FMEA methodology, Toyota system and QRQC. On the basis of a chosen enterprise the functioning of management discrepancies using the method QRQC is presented. Through calculation of Cp and PPM indicators the effectiveness of system's functioning are described.

Choosing the right selling price for a game is a hard task for many creators. Their actions are often limited to checking the price of already published, similar games. The same thing usually happens when deciding about the game's length. To make this essential process more premeditated, data coming from thousands of games published on the Steam platform was collected and analyzed. List of top selling Steam games was being collected daily for over six months. These data were combined with gameplay time statistics gathered from howlongtobeat.com website. Result of this research covers an analysis of time-price relation for computer games, and also analysis of tags and genres, that may cause a game to be cheaper or more expensive than average.

The fourth industrial revolution is a natural change that cannot be avoided. In adapting to changes, we can help properly implemented entrepreneurship education as well as its correct perception, which due to technological changes has been diluted over the next centuries. Man's inventions may turn out to be as lethal as they are beautiful, which is why it is our duty to prepare for profound transformations that assume the almost complete digitization of every sphere of our lives. Artificial intelligence, 5G technology, 3D/4D printing and the Internet of Tings are new civilization elements whose mastery is necessary for the security and survival of subsequent decades in the economy 4.0.

Traditional project management (TPM) in the last century has gained huge popularity due to its efficiency in many areas of business. However, at the moment new structures like self-managing teams or self-managing organizations emerged. The way how work is organized there differs a lot from those organizations where TPM is used. The author is looking for an answer to the question if traditional project management methods work well in new, values-oriented, organizational structures? The purpose of this article is to examine whether traditional methods of project management are used in self-managing organizations. To achieve that goal author analyzed available literature and did own research (interviews with people directly involved in the project work in teal organizations). The conducted research allowed to show that the use of traditional management methodologies projects in new types of organization is very limited, because their principles are contrary to the idea of self-managing organizations.

Ensuring a steady blood supply still remains a challenge for health care and blood collection organizations. One way to attack the problem is through donor relationship management, which should be founded on a profound understanding of donors to design an effective strategy for attracting and retaining viable prospects. Drawing on the literature review, the authors hypothesized and provide empirical evidence that donors and nondonors would differ in terms of selected attitudes, personal values, the self-concept, the level of altruism, and the perceived donor value (inspired by the customer value). Using the authors' and others' findings, one can design a relationship process focusing on persuasive messages, relationship bonds, the organization's interface, as well as the offering.

The main goal of the article is to show how technology and work organization have influenced the development of enterprises over the last 300 years. The second goal is to answer the question, what conclusions we can draw from this for the future. The article describes five contractual periods from the preindustrial age to the present, indicating technical and managerial discoveries that have been successful and quickly became obvious and those that did not stand up to the reality of real business.

The main purpose of the paper is revealing the real influence of the act about Sunday and holiday trade restraint and even on particular transactions made at Allegro.pl. Thanks of this one can depict the common situation on the e-commerce market and the influence of the act on the market. This shows the developing tendency and importance of Sundays in Internet trade. The statistical method used in this study, which consists in comparing the sales value on non-commercial and commercial Sundays, enabled the detection of a small, but statistically significant, impact of the aforementioned Act on Internet sales in its major part.

Employees are the main resources of every companies. In companies there are natural employees movements connected with hiring, internal movements and dismissals. Outplacement of employees is a good solution in the process of dismissals. A perfect solution in a difficult process of dismissals may be a use of outplacement. A company will maintain image, especially in the eyes of employees. Furthermore, dismissed workers will not feel negative effects of dismissals. The aim of the article was to show the theoretical issues of employee derecrutation and outplacement.