Skip to main content

Journal of Management and Digital Transformation

Published: 2025-12-31

Impact of the ”polish deal” programme on the burden of micro-entrepreneurs with personal income tax and health insurance contribution

Anna Dereń Logo ORCID , Patrycja Kudela
Section: Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomii i Informatyki w Krakowie
https://doi.org/10.60154/ZeszytyNaukoweWSEI.2025.21.1.05

Abstract

The article discusses the impact of the Polski Ład (Polish Deal) regulations on the burden of personal income tax and health insurance contributions borne by a micro-entrepreneur. The amounts of these levies for the years 2021–2024 were determined in nominal terms, and their share in income (revenues) was calculated on the basis of data obtained from a sole proprietorship. The analysis covered a micro-entrepreneur who, during the examined period, was subject to a wide range of tax and contribu-tion-related changes which, combined with economic uncertainty, posed a considerable challenge in terms of selecting the optimal form of taxation. The burden resulting from the applied form of taxation, under the regulations in force in a given year, was compared with the outcomes of a simulation based on the assumption that the pre-1 January 2022 rules had remained in place for the years 2022–2024. The results of the comparative analysis indicate that the tax and contribution reforms led to a reduction in the total burden under general taxation rules based on the progressive tax scale. The determinants of these outcomes include both the legislative framework shaped by the state and the individualized characteristics of business activity, as well as the factors influencing the taxpayer’s fiscal situation.

Download files

Citation rules

Dereń, A., & Kudela, P. (2025). Impact of the ”polish deal” programme on the burden of micro-entrepreneurs with personal income tax and health insurance contribution. Journal of Management and Digital Transformation, (21), 81–106. https://doi.org/10.60154/ZeszytyNaukoweWSEI.2025.21.1.05

Cited by / Share

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.

Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomii i Informatyki w Krakowie

No. 21 (2025)
Published: 2025-12-31


ISSN: 3072-5682

Publisher
Uniwersytet DSW Ideis

This website uses cookies for proper operation, in order to use the portal fully you must accept cookies.